Fire-brick lining for furnaces



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FIRE BRICK LINING FOR FURNACES. No. 425,947. Patented Apr. 15, 1890.

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No. 425,947. Patented Apr. 15, 1890.

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J. J. HOGAN. FIRE BRICK LINING FOR FURNACES.

. No. 425,947. Patented Apr. 15. 1890.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5. J. J. HOGAN.

FIRE BRICK LINING FOR FURNACES.

No. 425,947. Patented Apr. 15, 1890.

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. A v 1r UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN J. HOGAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE HOGAN- ENGINEERING COMPANY, OF NEWV YORK.

FIRE-BRICK LINING FOR FURNACES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 425,947, dated April 15, 1890.

Application filed January 21, 1890.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN J. HOGAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, Kings county, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fire- Brick Lining for Furnaces, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

The object of this invention is to furnish a means of applying fire-brick to the entire periphery of the fire-box without withdrawing the fire and the invention consists, pri' marily, in a fire-pot-frame having a series of vertical connecting-bars with intermediate spaces to admit the fire-brick, a series of openings extending outward from such spaces, and a series of covers applied to such openings to inclose the spaces between the bars.

The invention also consists in certain details of construction hereinafter described.

In the annexed drawings, Figure 1 is an external view of the base and lower sections of a cast-iron sectional boiler provided with my improvement. Fig. 2 is aplan of the-fire-pot casting with a portion of its top plate broken away to show the construction of the firebrick covers. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the structure shown in Fig. 1, taken on line a: a: in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an elevation of a boiler made in vertical sections, the view being taken between two of the sections; and Fig. 5 is a plan of a square fire-pot adapted for such boiler, the top plate ofthe fire-pot being broken away to show one of the covers. Fig. 6 is an end view of Fig. 5.

In Figs. 1 and 3, A is the ash-pit, with opening A; B, the fire-pot; O, the fire-box section, in which the fuel opening O is formed, and D a dome-section superposed upon the fire-box. In practice other horizontal sections would be superposed upon the domesection, but are not shown herein, as my present improvement relates wholly to the firepot.

The fire-pot casting, as shown in Figs. 1 to 3, consists in a top plate I) and abottom plate I), connected by vertical bars 0 and d, arranged to retain the fire-brick in place and to admit covers to hold each a number of Serial No. 837,589. (No model.)

bricks in place. Fire-bricks g are shown inserted in the spaces between the bars, the inner face of the bricks forming the perimeter of the fire-pot. The bars 0 and d extend from the rear edges of the fire-bricks inward about one-half the thickness of such bricks to withdraw the metal of such bars from close contact with the fire. The bars d, which are applied between the groups of several bricks, extend nearly to the outer edges of the plates and are provided externally with seats 61' to receive the covers f; but the bars 0 extend outward only to the backs of the fire-bricks. The lower plate Z) extends to the inner edges of the fire-bricks; but the upper plate extends over only aportion of the tops of such bricks to retract it from the heat of the fire.

The covers are preferably formed with exterior plates f, shaped to fit the outside of the fire-pot, and interior plates h, shaped to fit the backs of the fire-bricks and tied to the exterior plates f by ribs The spaces between the ribs and plates f and h form aircells, which prevent the radiation of heat. The plate h is cut wholly through at intervals between the ribs to permit the expansion of the inner plate adjacent to the heated bricks without distorting the outer plate f. The ends of the plates f rest upon the seats 61', and are shown provided with flanges j to cover'the joints. Screws k are shown inserted through the joints to hold the covers in place.

A clinker-door Z, lined with a brick m, is shown fitted between two of the ribs d and is attached to one of the ribs by hinges n to facilitate its opening to clean the fire-pot when desired. One of the covers I) is broken away in Fig. 2 to expose the fire-brick, such removal displaying very clearly the facility'with which the thickness may be reached from the exterior of the fire-pot, and showing the connection between the plates 1) and b exclusively by the upright bars 0 and cl. With such construction it is obvious that any or all of the fire-bricks may be removed through the apertures closed by the covers f while the fire is burning, and the renewal of the entire brick lining of the fire-pot is thus rendered independent of the fire and may be effected without putting out the fire.

A clinker-door lined with a fire-brick has already been used to give access to the interior of the fire for raking and cleaning the same; but such clinker-door furnished no facility whatever for renewing the brick lining of the fire-pot.

My construction necessitates the connection of a series of fire-brick with apertures extended outside of the fire-pot, by which such brick can be removed or renewed without disturbing the tire. My invention is thus distinguished from anyconstruction in which a single brick has been made removable to perform some special function in the management of the fire. The arrangement of the fire-bricks for complete renewal in the entire fire-pot has no reference whatever to the management of the fire, but relates exclusively to the fire-bricks themselves, and is designed exclusively to permit the substitution of a per fect brick for a burned brick in any part of the fire-pot when it becomes necessary.

Such being the nature of the invention, it maybe applied to fire-pots of various shapes, the application of the invention to a square fire-pot being shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, the fire-pot itself being made in a section separate from the remainder of the boiler, and consisting, as described in connection with Figs.

2 and 3, of upper and lower plates united by vertical bars.

Fig. 4 shows in end elevation one vertical section S of a boiler which would,by the connection of such sections in a series, form a rectangular fire-box P, the water-legs S of the sections standing upon the upper plate b of the fire-pot:

In Fig. 5 the top plate I) is broken away, as in the similar construction in Fig. 2, to show bars a at the front and back of the furnace, where a single cover is used, and bars d at the sides, where two covers f are used.

The bars 01 and the cover are made as shown in Fig. 2, and hollow posts d are formed at the corners to unite the plates b and b.

The bars a d and the posts (1 serve as ties to hold the upper and lower plates of the firepot together, while the intermediate spaces between such ties serve as means to insert and withdraw the separate bricks which form the sectional lining of the pot. Such ties may be of any form, but must necessarily occupya small portion of the entire area of the plates, as the fire-brick is preferablyarranged to form a complete liningwithin the furnace, and. the separate bricks are most conveniently withdrawn by forming the spaces between the ties about the same size as the bricks themselves. 4

It is preferable that the aperture in which the brick is inserted should be smallest adjacent to the fire to set the bricks at the desired line and prevent them from falling inward. This is readily effected by making the opening of tapering form either at the ends or sides of the brick.

In a circular fire-pot, as shown in Fig. 2, the bricks are naturally of sector form, as the bars 0 radiate from the center of the pot, and the bricks g are therefore longest at their rear sides. In a square fire-pot like that shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the bricks are not of sectoral form, but rectangular; but the tapering form of the aperture may be readily produced by tapering the bars 0 or sloping the plate I) upward at its inner edge to make the aperture smallest adjacent to the fire, as in Fig. 4.

To prevent the heat of the fire from warping the plate b, which constitutes the upper side of the frame that contains the fire-brick notches r may be formed in the plate at its inner edge, thus permitting the expansion of the plate when heated without distortion.

The bars 0 and d are 'shown in Fig. 2 tapered inwardly to bring the ends of the bricks close together; but the taper is regulated in such degree that. the bricks are largest at their rear sides, and are thus jammed in the apertures when located in their operative position.

The ribs 0 are shown of parallel contourin Fig. 5, but may be tapered in the reverse direction from those shown in Fig. 2 to produce the tapering aperture instead of sloping the plate h upward, as shown in Fig. 4.

It has been common heretofore to provide the clinker-door with a hinge and 'to secure the fire-brick to the door, as shown in Fig. 2, that the door may operate to remove the brick when the door is opened. As the clinkerdoor forms no part of my invention, I have not shown any means for securing the firebrick m to the door Z, except the tongues Z which are formed upon the converging flanges of the door. In my invention the covers f do not operate as doors and are not used at any time to remove the bricks, as the general fire-brick lining is not liable to need renewal more than once in several months. The firebricks are not therefore attached to the covers f, as they are not intended to be removed by means of the covers, and thecovers need not be provided with hinges, but may be fastened in their place in any convenient manner, as by the screws 70. These screws are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 fitted through flanges lapped over theadjacentsurfaces to form an ornamentalfinish upon the exterior of the fire-pot.

In Figs. 1 and 3 the plates b b at the top and bottom of the fire-pot section are also shown provided with flanges b to fit over the IIO adjacent sections; but such construction form s no partof the present invention, although it is a desirable and common expedient in joining the several portions of a horizontal sectional boiler, as shown in Fig. 3.

It is obvious that the invention may be applied to a heating-stove or to any furnace in which the fire-pot is provided with a sectional fire-brick lining. It is not essential that the apertures which extend outward through the walls of the fire-'pot to, remove the lining should be of the same dimensions as the firebrick sections, as they may be so formed as to require the turning of the bricks endwise or in some other position to insert or remove them. Thus in Fig. 5 the aperture between the seat d and the bar 01 would not be of sufficient size to retract the entire brick, but would necessitate the turning of the brick in a curve around one corner, as indicated by the dotted line g.

It is obvious that the fire-brick may be prevented from falling inward by other means than the taper upon the aperture and brick, as by a stop 7* of suitable character formed at the inner side of the aperture, as shown in Fig. 3.

Having thus set forth the invention, what is claimed herein is 1. A fire-pot having a sectional lining consisting in a series of fire-bricks and provided with apertures extending outward through the walls of the fire-pot behind the several bricks of the series to permit their removal and insertion, substantially as herein set forth.

' 2. A fire-pot consisting in upper and lower plates connected by vertical bars, with intermediate spaces extending to the outside of the fire-pot and adapted to insert and withdraw the fire-brick, substantially as herein set forth.

8. A fire-pot consisting in upper and lower plates connected by vertical bars, with intermediate spaces extending to .the outside of the fire-pot, and covers applied to spaces to retain the fire-bricks within the pot, substantially as herein set forth.

4. A fire-pot having apertures extended outward through the same for the removal of the fire-brick, the covers formed with outer plates f, and divided inner plates h, connected with the outer plates by ribs '6, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A fire-pot having a sectional lining consisting in a series of tapered fire-bricks and provided with a series of tapering apertures extended outward through the walls of the fire-pot behind the several bricks to permit their removal and insertion, substantially as herein set forth.

6. A fire-pot having a sectional lining consisting in a series of fire-bricks, and having upper and lower plates connected by vertical bars, with intermediate spaces extending to the outside of the fire-pot for the insertion and removal of the bricks, and the upper plate being provided with notches upon its inner edge adjacent to the fire, as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing wit-- DGSSGS.

JOHN J. HOGAN. Witnesses:

ANSON O. KITTREDGE, THOS. S. CRANE. 

